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2021 Midyear International Outlook: Pipeline Construction & Market Trends

2021 Midyear International Outlook: Pipeline Construction & Market Trends

As global markets claw their way back from the 2020 pandemic trough and energy demand continues to rise, oil and gas producers remain largely committed to fiscal restraint, prices have risen to multi-year highs and storage has yet to recover from historic lows.  

Along with projected higher demand, these trends have brightened the outlook for the global midstream sector and raised expectations for ongoing recovery over the next few years, with construction activity weighted more heavily toward natural gas infrastructure. The speed and extent of that recovery is still uncertain, however, and is likely to vary widely from one regional economy to the next.  

Market Drivers  

Global gas demand is expected to rise by 3.6% in 2021 before easing to an average growth rate of 1.7% over the following three years, according to the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) latest quarterly Gas Market Report published in early July. A strong rebound in 2021 from last year’s decline is expected to lift demand above pre-Covid levels, followed by more moderate increases through 2024, IEA said.  

Natural gas demand growth in 2021 mostly reflects economic recovery from the Covid-19 crisis, but it’s set to be driven in the following years in equal proportions due to both economic growth activity and by the ongoing shift from more polluting fuels such as coal and oil to natural gas in sectors such as electricity generation, industry and transportation, IEA projects.  

“The rebound in gas demand shows that the global economy is recovering from the shock of the pandemic and that gas is continuing to replace more emissions-intensive fuels,” said Keisuke Sadamori, IEA director of Energy Markets and Security.  

Total worldwide capital spending on pipeline installations is projected to increase about 10% this year after plunging nearly 30% in 2020, according to Westwood Global Energy Group, with North America, Asia, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet states accounting for about three-quarters of all Capex for new pipeline construction in its 2021-2025 forecast period.  

“Improving sentiment and outlook for commodity prices is expected to help projects progress through to completion, as well as boost demand for new installations in regions, where increases in production capacity will require new pipeline infrastructure,” Westwood predicts.  

LNG Upside  

intl rpt westwood 1

A recent report by investment firm Morgan Stanley highlighted the spike in LNG demand as yet another indication of economic recovery and future infrastructure demand.  

“Global demand has continued to surprise to the upside, most notably in China, and has recently been boosted by a hot start to the summer,” the firm wrote in its June 29 update. “This surging consumption comes amidst a backdrop of lingering supply outages. The combination of these factors has continued to tighten the LNG market even more rapidly than our expectations.”  

Longer term, Morgan Stanley said it continues to see an upcycle for global LNG markets through 2025, with demand set to grow at two times the rate of supply, “leading to a capacity shortfall by 2023.” This could prove to be a positive trend for related construction in the United States and other LNG-exporting nations.  

Growing demand for LNG and related natural gas infrastructure is a key driver of current and planned pipeline construction worldwide. Gas infrastructure accounts for 66% of projected new pipeline installations through 2025, Westwood said, while joining others in warning of ongoing downside risk to their forecasts.  

REGIONAL UPDATES  

Africa  

Oil remains the primary fuel in Africa, and there are a number of sizable crude oil pipelines in various planning and construction stages. But with nearly 500 Tcf (14 Tcm) of proven natural gas reserves, there is growing opportunity for natural gas to displace oil in Africa – especially  in the power generation sector,  with South Africa leading demand. In addition to regional demand, an abundance of natural gas has fueled a growing LNG export market.  

intlrpt westwood 2

“This pipeline project can be a core of bigger deployments,” said Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, who added that the EACOP corridor could be used to build another pipeline to ship natural gas from Tanzania and Mozambique to consumers in Uganda, Rwanda, Congo and other countries in the region.  

Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) has plans to construct the biggest natural gas pipeline in that country’s history – a $2.8 billion, 384-mile (614-km) project from Ajaokuta to Kano. The 40-inch (1,016-mm) line will transport 3.5 MMscf/d (98,882 cm/d) from multiple gathering projects in southern Nigeria, resulting in the establishment of a connecting network between its eastern, western and northern regions.  

Tanzania and Kenya are constructing a 345-mile (558-km) gas pipeline between Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam and Tanga and on to Mombasa, in Kenya’s coastal city of Mombasa. The project, which is being developed under a contract by China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp.  

A group of 15 West African countries also is studying the feasibility of extending the 420-mile (678-km) West African Gas Pipeline, owned by the JV West African Gas Pipeline Co. (Wapco). Launched in 2010, the pipeline connects the Escravos-Lagos pipeline at Nigeria Gas Co.’s Itoki export terminal to Takoradi in Ghana, with laterals to points in Ghana, Benin and Togo.   

Uganda has held promise as an oil producer since discovering reserves estimated at 6 billion barrels in the Albertine Rift Basin, near its border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, in 2006, and government leaders have begun taking steps toward the infrastructure necessary to bring those reserves to market. In April of this year, Uganda, Tanzania and oil firms Total and CNOOC signed agreements that will kickstart the construction of the $3.5 billion East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP).  

Asia Pacific  

Almost half of IEA’s projected worldwide increase in natural gas demand through 2024 comes from the Asia Pacific region, where China’s appetite for natural gas and LNG imports continues to lead the region’s fast-growing development of natural gas infrastructure.  

China – the region’s largest energy consumer and the first in and out of the pandemic shutdown is making an outsized contribution in rising global LNG demand forecasts.  

“China has been the biggest outlier to the upside,” Morgan Stanley wrote of its updated projections, with LNG imports up 27% during the first five months of the year, compared with the same period of 2020.  

Among recent projects, China Oil & Gas Piping Network Corp. (PipeChina) has begun building a $1.31 billion (8.5 billion yuan), 257-mile (414-km) pipeline to transfer natural gas from a 2.2 million-tonnes-per-year LNG terminal in Tianjin to Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province. The pipeline will include interconnections for Gazprom’s Power of Siberia pipeline, which began delivering natural gas to China in late 2019, as well as domestic pipelines delivering gas from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, PipeChina said.  

The 1,865-mile (3,000-km) long Power of Siberia pipeline transports gas from the Chayandinskoye and Kovytka fields in eastern Siberia, to Heilongjiang, which borders Russia, and goes onto Jilin and Liaoning, China’s top grain hub. Flows via the Power of Siberia are expected to gradually rise to 38 Bcm/year in 2025, potentially making China Russia’s second-largest gas customer after Germany.  

Gazprom last year announced a feasibility study for a proposed Power of Siberia-2, which would deliver up to 50 Bcm/year of natural gas to China by way of Mongolia. Gazprom showed plans during an investor event to launch the pipeline in 2030 but said the timing of the project will depend on the pace of global and regional economic recovery.  

After partial start-up last year, China expanded its flow of natural gas this year to an estimated 2 Bcm/year through a newly laid 367-mile (591-km) pipeline in the central province of Hunan. This provincial section, which the Chongquing Oil and Gas Exchange said is designed for an ultimate capacity of 9 Bcm/year, is part of the massive, 6,693-mile (4,159-km) Xin-Yue-Zhe national pipeline project that connects gas production in the northwest region of Xinjiang to the southern manufacturing hub of Guangdong province.  

China also approved construction last month of a natural gas pipeline connecting the northern provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi, with a total investment of $54.8 million (354 million yuan), according to the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). The 21.3-mile pipeline, which will be built by Quinjin Natural Gas Co., is designed for annual capacity of 3.3 Bcm.  

In India, a significant expansion of natural gas pipeline infrastructure is underway as it seeks to double the share of gas in its energy mix to 15% by 2030. Toward this goal, companies are investing $60 billion in a network to expand LNG import facilities in the west and build pipelines connecting them to every state before the current government’s term ends in mid-2024, according to India’s energy minister.   

Among the major projects currently under construction by India’s biggest gas utility, Gail Ltd is building the 1,660-mile (2,660-km) Urja Ganga pipeline project to connect the eastern states of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha, with a capacity of 16 MMscf/d (452,034 MMcm/d) – an amount equal to roughly 10% of India’s total daily consumption. Gail hopes to bring the system online by the end of this year.   

Europe  

With energy consumption plateaued in Europe in recent years, natural gas continues to take taking a growing percentage of the mix, sparking political conflict over the region’s reliance on Russian energy and a market-share showdown between Russian pipeline gas and U.S. LNG imports.  

European gas demand during the second quarter of 2021 was on pace for an estimated 20% gain over the same period of 2020, Morgan Stanley said. On the supply side, LNG imports have recently fallen below 2019 levels as cargoes were being diverted to Asia and Latin America, according to the firm’s Global Gas & LNG report. Russian import volumes have remained below pre-pandemic levels this year, while Norwegian gas supplies have lagged year-over-year due to outages.  

European gas storage has begun to fill at a rate near the historical average, Morgan Stanley reported, but was still 14% below normal at the end of June.  

As natural gas demand in Europe has grown largely due to coal-to-gas switching, so has the need to expand or replace aging natural gas infrastructure. That scenario becomes more complex as a drive toward broader commercial adoption of hydrogen prompts debate over the construction of new hydrogen pipelines vs. the conversion of natural gas lines, or some combination of the two.  

Much of the European pipeline construction in recent years has been driven by either the construction of major Russian gas pipelines across the Baltic and Black seas or the construction of new pipelines by European Union countries who fear overreliance on Russian gas imports.  

A long-running conflict over the nearly completed construction of Gazprom’s Nord Stream 2 pipeline appears to have been effectively resolved within a few months of U.S. President Joe Biden’s inauguration when Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the United States would no longer pursue sanctions against companies involved in the project. A Congressional challenge was still afoot, and the U.S. and Germany said they hoped to resolve the dispute by the end of this month, but the project is near completion.  

Nord Stream 2 runs alongside the first Nord Stream pipeline, which began operations in 2011, from Russia’s Baltic coast to Germany by 2019. Russia has said it expects to finish construction by the end of the year, concentrating about 70% of Russian gas exports to Europe into a single route and rendering a number of existing pipelines obsolete.   

Among those pipelines are several that run through Ukraine, which stands to lose up to $2 billion in annual transit revenues if gas is diverted away by Nord Stream 2. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said before a recent White House meeting with President Biden that Ukraine can be confident Germany and EU will guarantee its status as a transit country for Russian gas even after the Nord Stream 2 pipeline has opened.   

Among the ongoing pipeline construction projects aimed at diversifying Europe’s natural gas sources, Polish and Danish gas grid operators Gaz-System and Energinet are developing the Baltic Pipe, a 528-mile (850-km) bidirectional project that gives Denmark, Poland and Sweden direct access to Norway’s North Sea gas and moves Poland closer to its goal of becoming eastern Europe’s gas hub.   

The project will deliver up to 353 Bcf (10 Bcm) per year upon expected completion in 2022 at a projected cost of $1.88 billion. Poland and Denmark are financing construction, along with a $243 million contribution from the European Commission.  Construction of the project stalled in Denmark earlier this summer for its Environmental Protection Agency to study whether the project may harm breeding grounds for protected mice and bat species. Energinet said it will not resume construction work until permits are approved.  

Construction of the Baltic Connector, which links Finland’s gas network with the Baltic states, came online in 2019, providing a key piece of a planned system that will eventually make it possible for all Baltic states to import gas from Poland. The Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania (GIPL), a bidirectional gas pipeline linking the Baltic states with Poland, is expected to add to the network in late 2021.  

Among numerous hydrogen projects under consideration in Europe, Energinet and the Netherlands’ Gasunie published a technical pre-feasibility study this year for transporting hydrogen via a 217- to 279-mile (350- to 450-km) pipeline from Esbjerg or Holsetebro, Denmark, to Hamburg, Germany.   

Middle East  

The Middle East has continued to build out its natural gas and LNG infrastructure following large discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean during the past decade. Some governments also remain focused on the construction of new crude oil pipelines, although the pandemic has slowed progress of at least one major project.  

The Iraqi oil ministry in December announced the completion of its pre-qualification process for construction of an estimated $18 billion oil pipeline that would carry 1 MMbpd of oil from Basra through the Jordanian port of Aqaba and across the Red Sea to Egypt.  

The first phase of the project would be constructed in Iraq across a 435-mile (700-km) stretch between Rumaila and Haditha. Developers delayed the May 2020 deadline for technical offers for the project, known as the Iraq Jordan Export Pipeline (IJEP), due to COVID-19. Energy ministers in both Jordan and Iraq have reiterated their support for the project but have yet to reschedule a meeting with interested bidders.  

In neighboring Iran, President Hassan Rouhani launched a 620-mile (1,000-km) crude oil pipeline from Goreh to Jask in June, noting its strategic value as a secondary export route “whenever the Strait of Hormuz faces danger.” About 20 MMbpd of oil passes through the narrow strait, making it vulnerable to military blockades.   

North America  Samalayuca-Sasabe Pipeline will be bringing power to North Mexico (Photo: CFE)

North America was in the midst of significant pipeline expansion before the pandemic shutdown and, accordingly, suffered the greatest regional decline in new construction activity over the past year and a half. The construction downturn was not entirely driven by economic conditions, however, as legal challenges caused construction delays for projects such as PennEast and Line 5 and cancellations of major projects including the Atlantic Coast and Keystone XL pipelines.   

North American oil and gas demand and pricing improved in the first half of 2021, prompting some energy firms to say they plan to boost spending in the coming months after cutting expenditures over the past two years. Any near-term spending increases will be measured, however, as most firms continue to focus on boosting cash flow, reducing debt and increasing shareholder returns rather than adding output.  

The midyear consensus among market analysts suggests extra spending may only replace natural declines in well production, rather than boosting output, exacerbating the capacity glut. U.S. crude oil production is expected to fall by 210,000 barrels per day in 2021 to 11.1 MMbpd, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in July.  

The outlook for natural gas pipeline and LNG infrastructure appears somewhat brighter, with a number of North American projects including Canada LNG and the related 416-mile (670-km) Coastal GasLink pipeline moving forward, and additional U.S gas pipelines in the planning stages.  

Natural gas prices for the second half of 2021 rallied more than 25% during May-June, spurred by higher gas demand for electricity production due to an unseasonably hot start to the summer, strong exports to Mexico, increased U.S. industrial demand and lower hydropower generation in the Western United States caused by below-normal reservoir levels.  

“Heading into next year, we expect (U.S.) associated gas production to increase with rising basin level gas-oil ratios and additional oil-directed drilling activity, particularly from private producers,” according to the Morgan Stanley forecast. “We also expect higher prices to incentivize modest dry gas production growth to resume in the Haynesville and Marcellus” by the second half of 2021.  

Among projects aimed at domestic natural gas markets, Enbridge said in April that it is moving ahead with upgrades to its pipeline network serving the U.S. Northeast from the Appalachian Basin. The first phase, at an estimated cost of $28 million, will include a connection to a UGI Utilities facility in Pennsylvania and a compression boost to move an additional 18 MMcf/d on its Texas Eastern system. Similar links are to be built for other regional customers in the second phase of the program, Calgary-based Enbridge said.  

Enbridge also plans to start construction this year on a tunnel beneath the Straits of Mackinac, connecting Lake Huron and Lake Huron, as part of its Line 5 replacement project. The proposed tunnel, which has faced multiple legal challenges, would rehouse a 4-mile (6.44 km) stretch of the aging 540,000-bpd oil pipeline that currently runs along the lake bed.  

An Enbridge project to replace its Line 3 pipeline scored a court victory in June when the Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed a state regulator’s decision that there is sufficient need to replace the line. Functional capacity of the 1960s-era pipeline, which delivers crude from Alberta’s oil sands to U.S. Midwest refiners, has been constrained by age and corrosion. Replacing it will allow Enbridge to roughly double its capacity to 760,000 bpd.  

Also in June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of a consortium of energy companies seeking to seize land owned by the state of New Jersey to build the federally approved PennEast Pipeline, a 116-mile project designed to transport 1.1 Bcf/d of natural gas from the Marcellus shale formation in Pennsylvania to customers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. PennEast expects the first phase of the $1.2 billion project to begin service in 2022, with completion of the second phase into New Jersey in 2023.  

In the U.S. Midwest, Navigator CO2 Ventures plans to build a 1,200-mile (1,931-km) carbon capture pipeline system designed to capture and store 12 million tons of CO2 per year. The project, which would span five states, is supported by the BlackRock Global Energy & Power Infrastructure Fund, and Valero is the anchor customer, Navigator said. Navigator a binding open season for the project in June.   

WBI Energy recently received U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approval for construction of its proposed North Bakken Expansion Project – a 250 MMcf/d pipeline spanning 82 miles of western North Dakota, along with a new compressor station and associated infrastructure. WBI targets completion of the $260 million project by the end of the year.  

FERC also approved Enable Midstream’s 134-mile (216-km) Gulf Run natural gas pipeline in Louisiana, which would transport gas to the Qatar Petroleum/Exxon Mobil Golden Pass LNG export plant under construction in Texas. The first liquefaction train at Golden Pass is expected to enter service in 2025.  

Summit Midstream has started construction of the 134-mile (217-km) Double E pipeline and estimated $425 million project to transport natural gas from the Delaware Basin to various delivery points in and around the Waha Hub in West Texas. The company said it has received $175 million of commitments from three commercial banks to finance the development.  

Russia & CIS  

Russia’s growth strategy for natural gas pipeline exports has targeted Europe since the 1950s, but it is expanding its flow of gas to the east by targeting China’s growing energy demand.  

Last year, state-owned giant Gazprom completed construction of the 1,865-mile (3,000-km), Power of Siberia pipeline, with capacity to transport 1.34 Tcf (38 Bcm) per year across Eastern Russia to China. This spring, Gazprom began a feasibility study for the Power of Siberia-2, which could deliver another 1.77 Tcf/year across Mongolia to China.   

In April, Gazprom approved a feasibility analysis of the proposed Soyuz Vostok gas trunkline. That pipeline would become an extension of the Power of Siberia 2 gas pipeline in Mongolian territory.  

But Europe also remains squarely in its sights, and Gazprom announced in June that it had begun preparations to fill the first of the Nord Stream 2 twin pipelines with natural gas. It also said that only 62 miles (100 km) of pipeline was left to build, according to a TASS news agency report.  

South & Central America  

The midstream sector in South America was hit especially hard by low prices and weak demand brought on by Covid-19 shutdowns, with some companies cutting capital spending by a third, but there have been some glimmers of a rebound in recent months.  

Colombia, for example, had to adjust its annual investment plan published in January 2020 to account for the economic decline, but its main national oil companies optimized resources to continue with plans for natural gas pipeline networks to help meet projected demand.   

With Colombia’s Ministry of Mines and Energy projecting a national gas shortage by 2023-2025 due to the production declines in the Ballena and Cuisana regions, producers are looking to offset those losses by tapping their significant gas reserves in the Lower Magdalena area and delivering them to market via the $400 million Jobo-Transmetano pipeline.   

The project is designed to interconnect with the National Transportation System at the Guacharacas Operating Station and scheduled to enter service in December 2024.  

In Peru, Promigas subsidiary Gasnorp has signed a 32-year concession contract with Peruvian state for distribution of natural gas through a new pipeline network in the provinces of Piura, Talara, Sullana, Paita and Sechura.  

The Argentine government, meanwhile, said it is implementing a $5.1 billion subsidy program to encourage domestic shale gas production in the Vaca Muerta formation. The program hopes to attract $5 billion in outside investment with planned infrastructure investments to include $600 million for the upgrade of two key Vaca Muerta pipelines.  

South America in recent months has been a source of incremental demand for global LNG imports, fueled in part by low hydropower generation in Brazil, joining Asia Pacific in drawing LNG imports that would otherwise have gone to Western Europe.  

Before the coronavirus outbreak, Brazil’s state energy research office said its growth projections justified construction of 16 new pipelines, but their future is uncertain after the country endured one the world’s most severe Covid-19 outbreaks.  

Among the recommended pipelines, five would be offshore; among others, the largest would be a 563-mile (906-km) project connecting Sao Carlos to the capital city, Brasilia. Further east, the state of Bahia has already begun construction on the final section of the 190-mile, $100 million Southwest Gas pipeline.   

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Last Updated: August 2019

 

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When you access and/or use the Website, Pipe Exchange or a third party may place a number of cookies in your browser. Some of the cookies will only be used if you use certain features or select certain preferences, and some cookies will always be used.

Each cookie serves one of four different purposes:

  1. Essential Cookies: These first party cookies allow users to use a feature of the Website such as: (i) staying logged in, or (ii) making purchases.
  2. Analytics Cookies: These cookies track information about how the Website is being used so that we can make improvements and report on our performance. We may also use analytics cookies to test new ads, pages or features to see how users react to them. Analytics cookies may either be first party or third party cookies.
  3. Preference Cookies: These first party cookies store your Website preferences.
  4. Ad Targeting Cookies: These third party cookies (also known as “behavioral” or “targeted” advertising) are placed by advertising platforms or networks in order to: (i) deliver ads and tracks ad performance, and (ii) enable advertising networks to deliver ads that may be relevant based upon your activities.

Finally, we may set cookies within emails we send to you (if you have consented to receiving emails from us). These cookies are used to track how often our emails are opened and clicked on by our customers. You can manage email cookies in the same way as website cookies, as explained above.

  1. How do third parties use cookies on the Pipe Exchange Website?

Third party companies like analytics companies and ad networks generally use cookies to collect user information on an anonymous basis. They may use that information to build a profile of your activities on the Website and other websites that you’ve visited.

  1. What are my cookie options?

If you don’t like the idea of cookies or certain types of cookies, you can change your browser’s settings to delete cookies that have already been set and to not accept new cookies. To learn more about how to do this, visit the help pages of your browser. Please note, however, that if you delete cookies or do not accept them, you might not be able to use all of the features we offer, you may not be able to store your preferences, and some of our pages might not display properly.

You may also opt out of third party cookies by following the instructions provided by each third party in its privacy policy.

  1. Do you use any other user tracking technologies?

We use additional technologies to help track user activities and preferences. For example, we use Google Analytics and when you visit the Website via Facebook, we use tracking pixels.

  1. Interest-Based Advertising

We and third parties engage in interest-based advertising provided by vendors in order to deliver advertisements and personalized content that we and other advertisers believe will be of interest to you. To the extent third-parties are using cookies or other technologies to perform these services, Pipe Exchange does not control the use of this technology or the resulting information for online, mobile, or email advertising, and is not responsible for any actions or policies of such third parties. Advertisements, emails, and other messages may be delivered to you by Pipe Exchange or its service providers based on your online or mobile behavior, your search activity, your geographic location or other information that is collected by us or obtained from third parties. Some of our vendors and we may use our own or third-party aggregated or anonymized personal information, demographic data, and other inferred commercial interests to assist in the delivery of our advertisements to you.

In addition, we and our business partners use third parties to establish deterministic or probabilistic connections among devices (such as smartphones, tablets, and computers) to deliver more relevant advertising to you and for advertising analytics and reporting purposes. This means that information about your use of websites or applications on your current device may be combined with information from your other devices. We also may share this information and other inferences with third parties to allow them to target advertising, personalize content, or analyze behavior. This allows, for example, advertisements you see on your tablet to be based on activities you engaged in on your smartphone. These business partners may share and combine information from cookies with identifiers (such as device IDs assigned by Google or Apple) and IP addresses to make connections among related devices. This also allows for a more personalized experience across the Website.

If you have any questions about our Cookie Policy, you may contact us by sending an email to privacy@pipexch.com or by writing to us at:  14025 West Road, Suite 100, Houston, TX 77041

 

Social Media Features

The Website includes social media features, such as the Facebook and LinkedIn buttons/icons. These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our site, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Social media features are either hosted by a third party or hosted directly on the Website. Your interactions with these features are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. 

 

Links to Third Party Sites

The Website may contain links to other sites that are not owned or controlled by Pipe Exchange. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage you to be aware when you leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects personally identifiable information. This Privacy Policy applies only to information collected by the Website. 

 

How We Store Your Information

Data Security

Pipe Exchange implements data security systems and procedures to secure the information stored on Pipe Exchange computer servers. Such systems and procedures reduce the risk of security breaches, but they do not provide absolute security. Therefore, Pipe Exchange cannot guarantee that the Website and Services are immune to unauthorized access to the information stored therein and to other information security risks.

 

Our Commitment to Data Security. To prevent unauthorized access, maintain data accuracy and ensure the correct use of information, we have applied reasonable and appropriate physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online. We also limit access to personal data and confidential information on our systems to only those employees with a specific need to access this information. However, due to technological limitations and the risk of unlawful interceptions and accessing of transmissions and/or data, we cannot completely assure you, and you should not expect, that your personal information, and any other electronically communicated information, will be absolutely confidential.

The security of your personal information is important to us. When you enter sensitive financial information via our Website, the transmission of that information is encrypted using secure socket layer technology (SSL).

Please remember that you play a valuable part in security as well. To the extent you have created an account on our Website, your password to access our site, which you select at registration, should never be shared with anyone and should be changed frequently.  After you have finished using our site, you should log off and exit your browser so no unauthorized persons can use our site with your name and account information.

Information Retention and Access to Personal Information. We’ll retain information for as long as your account is active or as needed to provide you the Services, to comply with applicable law, resolve disputes, and to enforce our agreements.   If your personally identifiable information changes, or if you no longer desire to use and access our Services, you may correct, update, delete/deactivate your information by emailing Pipe Exchange via the contact information listed below. Before Pipe Exchange is able to provide you with any information or correct any inaccuracies, however, we may ask you to verify your identity and to provide other details to help us to respond to your request. But please note: (1) there might be some latency in deleting this information from our servers and back-up storage; (2) we will not delete anonymized data and may continue to use it as describe in this Privacy Policy; and (3) we may retain information if necessary to comply with our legal, tax or accounting obligations, resolve disputes, manage security risks, or enforce our agreements. Even if you cease your use of the Services, we may retain certain information in order to meet our obligations.

Under California Civil Code Sections 1798.83-1798.84, California residents are entitled to ask us for a notice identifying the categories of personal information which we share with our affiliates and/or third parties for marketing purposes, and providing contact information for such affiliates and/or third parties.  If you are a California resident and would like a copy of this notice, please submit a written request to: privacy@pipexch.com

International Transfer of Information Collected

We are a global company, with customers around the world and it is important to note that the Services, and the Website, may be operated via servers situated in the United States and elsewhere. If you are located outside of the United States, please be aware that any information which you supply to Pipe Exchange (including, without limitation, personal information (e.g., your name, phone number, email address, etc.) may be transferred to, processed, and used in the United States and elsewhere. To provide you with the Services, you irrevocably and unconditionally consent that we may store, use, process, transfer and transmit such information in accordance with this Privacy Policy in the United States and locations around the world – including those outside your country which may provide different rules, regulations, and protections regarding privacy. Information may also be stored locally on the devices used to access the Services, which may be mobile.

We have taken appropriate safeguards to ensure that your personal data will remain protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy, whether your personal data is within our control or has been entrusted to our third party service providers and partners.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

From time to time, Pipe Exchange may change the terms of this Privacy Policy. Changes will take effect once they are posted online and by accessing and/or using the Website or Services after we make any such changes to this Privacy Policy, you are deemed to have accepted such changes.  If you do not agree with any of the amended terms, you must avoid any further use of the Website and/or Services offered by Pipe Exchange.

 

Inquiries or Concerns?

You may contact Pipe Exchange by emailing us at privacy@pipexch.com and we will do our best to provide a prompt response to your question.

PIPE EXCHANGE TERMS OF USE

Last updated: August 2019

Welcome to https://pipexch.com/Pipe Exchange (the “Website”). The Website is owned and operated by Pipe Exchange LLCPipe ExchangePipe Exchange including its related companies, affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively “Pipe Exchange,” “we,” “us,” “our”). We make the Website available to you, subject to the following Terms of Use (these “Terms of Use”). PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE WEBSITE. By using the Website, you agree to these Terms of Use and agree they create a legally binding agreement between you and Pipe Exchange. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use, you may not use the Website. These Terms of Use are effective unless and until terminated by Pipe Exchange.

Minors are not authorized to access or use the Website for any purpose.

CHANGES TO TERMS OF USE

Pipe Exchange reserves the right, at any time, to modify, amend, alter or update these Terms of Use. These changes will be effective as of the date we post the revised version. By continuing to use the Website following such modifications, amendments, alterations or updates, you agree to be bound by such modifications, amendments, alterations or updates. Therefore, you should periodically visit this page to review our most current Terms of Use.

You may access the current version of these Terms of Use at any time by clicking on the link marked “Terms of Use” at the bottom of each page of the Website.

PRIVACY POLICY

In the course of your use of the Website, you may be asked to provide certain personalized information to us (such information referred to hereinafter as “User Information”).  Our information collection and use policies with respect to the privacy of such User Information are set forth in the Website’s Privacy Policy which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.  You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the accuracy and content of User Information, and you agree to keep it up to date. 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Pipe Exchange respects the intellectual property rights of others. As between you and Pipe Exchange, and except any User Information which you provide, all rights, title and interests in the Website, including all the content (including, for example, audio, photographs, illustrations, graphics, other visuals, video, copy, software, etc.), code, data and materials thereon, the look and feel, design and organization of the Website, and the compilation of the content, code, data and materials on the Website, including but not limited to any copyrights, trademark rights, patent rights, database rights, moral rights, sui generis rights and other intellectual property and proprietary rights therein (collectively the “Content”) are owned by Pipe Exchange or by third parties who have licensed or provided their Content to us. The Website is protected under Trademarks (as defined below), copyright, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property rights laws, and your use of the Website does not grant to you ownership of any Content you may access on the Website. You are prohibited from using the Website to infringe or violate any intellectual property rights. Pipe Exchange may terminate your right to access the Website if it believes you are using the Website in a manner that infringes the copyright, trademark, patent or other intellectual property rights of another.

We may investigate occurrences that may involve violations of the security of the Services or of the law and we may involve, and cooperate with, law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who are involved in such violations.

The trademarks, logos, service marks and trade names (collectively the “Trademarks”) displayed on the Website or on content available through the Website are registered and unregistered Trademarks of ours and others and may not be used unless authorized by the trademark owner.  All Trademarks not owned by us that appear on the Website or on or through the Website’s services, if any, are the property of their respective owners.  Nothing contained on the Website should be construed as granting, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license or right to use any Trademark displayed on the Website without our written permission or that of the third-party rights holder.  Your misuse of the Trademarks displayed on the Website is strictly prohibited.  Pipe Exchange will aggressively enforce its Trademark rights to the fullest extent of the law, including the seeking of criminal prosecution.

PERSONAL USE ONLY

The Website and the Content are intended for your personal use.  You may access and view the content on the Website via your computer or other internet compatible device, and make single copies or prints of the content on the Website for your personal, internal use only.   The Website and the services offered on or through the Website, including Pipe Exchange’s e-publication and any other content and materials thereon, are only for your personal, non-commercial use. Except as otherwise provided on the Website, you may not modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, sell, create derivative works from, transfer, or sell any information, software, products or services obtained from the Website. Use of the Website to sell a product or service, or to increase traffic to your website for commercial reasons, such as advertising sales is expressly forbidden.

PROHIBITED USE

Any commercial distribution, publishing or exploitation of the Website, or any content, code, data or materials on the Website, is strictly prohibited unless you have received the express prior permission of Pipe Exchange or the applicable rights holder.  You may not otherwise download, display, copy, reproduce, distribute, modify, perform, transfer, create derivative works from, sell or otherwise exploit any content, code, data or materials on the Website.  If you make other use of the Website, or the content, code, data or materials thereon, except as otherwise provided above, you may violate copyright and other laws of the United States, other countries, as well as applicable state laws and may be subject to liability for such unauthorized use.  Pipe Exchange will aggressively enforce its intellectual property rights to the fullest extent of the law, including the seeking of criminal prosecution.

SECURITY

You are prohibited from violating, or attempting to violate the security of the Website. Any such violations may result in criminal and civil liabilities to you.  You warrant and agree that, while using the Website and the various services and features offered on or through the Website, you shall not: (a) impersonate any person or entity or misrepresent your affiliation with any other person or entity; (b) insert your own or a third party’s advertising, branding or other promotional content into any of the Website’s content, materials or services, or use, redistribute, republish or exploit such content or service for any further commercial or promotional purposes or take any action that would constitute or could be interpreted as an endorsement or sponsorship by Pipe Exchange of any third party site, content, information or other materials, or in any manner that would violate the terms and conditions of any such third party sites; (c) attempt to probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network; or (d) attempt to gain unauthorized access to data not intended for you and/or other computer systems through the Website.  You shall not: (i) engage in spidering, “screen scraping,” “database scraping,” harvesting of e-mail addresses, wireless addresses or other contact or personal information, or any other automatic means of accessing, logging-in or registering on the Website or for any services or features offered on or through the Website, or obtaining lists of users or obtaining or accessing other information or features on, from or through the Website or the services offered on or through the Website, including, without limitation, any information residing on any server or database connected to the Website or any services offered on or through the Website; (ii) obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems, materials, information or any services made available on or through the Website through any means; (iii) use the Website or the services made available on or through the Website in any manner with the intent to interrupt, damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Website or such services, including, without limitation, sending mass unsolicited messages or “flooding,” “spamming,” or “crashing” any systems; (iv) use the Website or the Website’s services or features in violation of Pipe Exchange’s or any third party’s intellectual property or other proprietary or legal rights; or (v) use the Website or the Website’s services in violation of any applicable law.  You further agree that you may not attempt (or encourage or support anyone else’s attempt) to circumvent, reverse engineer, decrypt, or otherwise alter or interfere with the Website or the Website’s services, or any content thereof, or make unauthorized use thereof.  You agree that you will not use the Website in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Website or interfere with any other party’s use and enjoyment of the Website. You may not obtain or attempt to obtain any materials or information through any means not intentionally made publicly available or provided for through the Website. Pipe Exchange will investigate any alleged violations and will cooperate with law enforcement agencies in their investigations.

THIRD-PARTY CONTENT

Some of the information and material available through the Website are provided to Pipe Exchange by third parties (“Third-Party Material”). In some instances, the source of the Third-Party Material is identified. Third-Party Material is provided for your convenience only and Pipe Exchange does not endorse these materials or the parties who supply them to us. Pipe Exchange does not warrant or represent that these Third-Party Materials are current, accurate or reliable.

COPYRIGHT AGENT

We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and require that the people who use the Website do the same.  If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to Pipe Exchange’s Copyright Agent, designated as such pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(2), named below:

  • Your address, telephone number, and email address;
  • A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
  • A description of where the alleged infringing material is located;
  • A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;
  • An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and
  • A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.
  • For all email submissions please include the subject line: DMCA Takedown Request.

 

Pipe Exchange has adopted a policy of terminating, in appropriate circumstances, accounts of users of the services or the Website who are deemed to have repeatedly uploaded content that infringes the intellectual property rights of others.

 

Copyright Agent:

Pipe Exchange Legal

c/o Pipe Exchange LLC

14025 West Road.
Suite #100
Houston, TX 77041

Phone: + (713) 934-9480

Email: dmca@pipexch.com

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

THE WEBSITE AND ITS CONTENT ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS, WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER. PIPE EXCHANGE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTIES RIGHTS, AND THE WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. PIPE EXCHANGE MAKES NO WARRANTIES ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL, SERVICES, SOFTWARE, TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND LINKS FOUND OR CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE. PIPE EXCHANGE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE WEBSITE, THE CONTENT, OR ITS SERVERS ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU OBTAIN MATERIAL THROUGH THE USE OF THE WEBSITE AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND THAT YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS.

ALL MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE WEBSITE IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY, HAS NOT BEEN INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED, HAS NOT BEEN RECOMMENDED BY ANY FEDERAL OR STATE REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS OR OMISSIONS OF MATERIAL INFORMATION. THE MATERIAL AND INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE SHOULD NOT, THEREFORE, BE USED OR RELIED UPON FOR ANY SPECIFIC REASON OR APPLICATION WITHOUT INDEPENDENT COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION AND VERIFICATION OF ITS ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, SUITABILITY AND APPLICABILITY. ANYONE MAKING USE OF THE MATERIAL DOES SO AT HIS/HER/ITS OWN SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE RISK AND ASSUMES ANY AND ALL ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL DAMAGE OR LIABILITY RESULTING FROM SUCH USE.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

IN NO EVENT SHALL PIPE EXCHANGE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS, OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE MATERIAL ON THE WEBSITE OR SITES LINKED TO THE WEBSITE, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT PIPE EXCHANGE IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

TERMINATION

Pipe Exchange may terminate, change, suspend or discontinue any aspect of the Website or the Website’s services at any time.  Pipe Exchange may restrict, suspend or terminate your access to the Website and/or its services if we believe you are in breach of our terms and conditions or applicable law, or for any other reason without notice or liability.  Pipe Exchange maintains a policy that provides for the termination in appropriate circumstances of the Website use privileges of users who are repeat infringers of intellectual property rights.

USER’S REMEDY

If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Website or with any of these Terms of Use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Website.

GOVERNING LAW AND VENUE

These Terms of Use and the relationship between you and Pipe Exchange shall be governed by the laws of the United States and the State of Florida without regard to its conflict of law provisions. You hereby irrevocably submit and consent to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within Miami-Dade County, Florida and agree that any cause of action that may arise under these Terms of Use and all disputes arising out of or relating to the use of the Website shall be commenced and be heard in the appropriate court in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The failure of Pipe Exchange to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of these Terms of Use is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties’ intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of these Terms of Use remain in full force and effect. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT TERMS OF USE

If you have any questions regarding these Terms of Use, please either:

Send an email to sales@pipexch.com

Write to Pipe Exchange at the following address:

14025 West Road

Suite 100

Houston, TX 77041