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2019 Global Pipeline Construction Outlook

2019 Global Pipeline Construction Outlook

After a period of sustained improvement, the upstream sector ended a politically tumultuous year on an unexpectedly somber note as oil prices skidded in the final months of 2018 amid oversupply concerns and signs of a cooling global economy.

While these short-term trends have added a cautionary tone to some industry projections, a generally hopeful sentiment remains among analysts. Wood Mackenzie’s senior vice president, Tom Ellacott, for one, believes the upstream sector will thrive this year.

“Oil and gas companies can cope with whatever’s thrown at them in 2019,” Ellacott said in mid-December. “Portfolios are set to weather low prices.”

pgj0119 chart

The midstream sector, meanwhile, roared into 2019 on a wave of pipeline construction activity driven by the continuing global shift toward natural gas, the rapid growth of shale production, and the infrastructure demands created by changing patterns of interregional trade.

The latter is particularly true of the United States, where the lifting of an oil export ban and the predicted growth in global LNG demand has led to massive infrastructure development, especially along the Texas and Louisiana Gulf coasts, including oil and LNG export terminals, new and expanding liquefaction facilities, and the pipeline capacity to supply them.

The latest Pipeline & Gas Journal survey based on Energy Web Atlas data, indicates 145,353 miles of pipelines were planned or under construction worldwide at the start of the new year – a 73% increase over survey findings published in January 2017.

The following is an update on new and planned pipeline activity by region:

NORTH AMERICA

Pipeline Miles Under Construction: 9,542Pipeline Miles Planned: 26,545
Total: 36,087

Pipeline construction activity has increased throughout North America, with the heaviest concentrations around major U.S. shale plays with takeaway capacity constraints – most notably, the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico and the Marcellus/Utica basins of Appalachia.

Pipeline capacity from the gas-rich Marcellus increased in 2018 with the completion of Columbia Pipeline’s Leach Xpress, which added 1.5 Bcf/d of capacity from West Virginia in January, and Williams’ Atlantic Sunrise project. A $3 billion expansion of the Transco system, Atlantic Sunrise added 186 miles of greenfield pipe in Pennsylvania and 1.7 Bcf/d of takeaway capacity when it began full operations in early October.

The $5 billion, 600-mile (970-km) Atlantic Coast Pipeline is a 42-inch natural gas pipeline developed through a joint venture between Dominion Energy, Duke Energy, Piedmont Natural Gas and Southern Company Gas.  The 1.5 Bcf/d pipeline, which has faced opposition and delays, is scheduled for completion in late 2019.

Mountain Valley Pipeline officials said the $4.6 billion project is on target to be fully in-service in the fourth quarter of 2019.  Mountain Valley, which spans 303 miles from northwestern West Virginia to southern Virginia, was reported to be 70% complete by the end of 2018, including 58% of all welding, and planned to finish remaining construction of compressor stations and interconnects by February.

Additional Marcellus projects include Mountaineer Xpress, which will add 2.7 Bcf/d, and TCO’s Columbia Gulf and WB Xpress expansions, which will combine for up to 2 Bcf/d of capacity. Rover Phase 2 adds 3.25 Bcf/d to the Midwest and Ontario, and NEXUS Pipeline, which follows a similar route to Rover, will deliver 1.5 Bcf/d of new capacity.

In the Permian Basin, more than 2 MMbpd of pipeline capacity has been proposed and several of those projects have moved forward following successful open seasons that revealed strong customer interest. Production in the hottest U.S. shale oil play began pushing against takeaway capacity in 2017, causing tariffs to rise, and surpassed it during 2018.

A number of major Permian projects are scheduled for completion during 2019, including the 730-mile Epic crude oil pipeline to Corpus Christi, Texas, which is developing into a major crude and NGL export hub. The Epic crude line will add 590,000 bpd of takeaway capacity, following the path the Epic NGL pipeline which also is under construction. 

Plains All American expects first flow on its Cactus II project in the second half of this year. Cactus II was proposed as a 585,000 bpd project linking Permian production to Corpus Christi/Ingleside via existing and two new pipelines.  Due to customer interest, and Plains conducted a successful second open season for expanded capacity. Cactus II is expected to start partial service in the third quarter of 2019, and Plains is targeting full service on the 670,000 bpd line in April 2020. 

Other notable Permian crude oil projects include the Phillips 66/Enbridge Gray Oak Pipeline to Corpus Christi, Freeport and Houston. Gray Oak, which is scheduled to begin service in the second half of this year, will have an initial capacity of 385,000 bpd.

Most recently, Houston-based Jupiter Energy Group commenced an open season in December for a 650-mile, 36-inch crude oil pipeline with expected completion by the fourth quarter of 2020. The pipeline would have capacity up to 1 MMbpd with origination points near Crane and Gardendale/Three Rivers in West Texas and an offtake point in Brownsville, Texas. Privately held Jupiter said it also is constructing a crude upgrading, processing and export terminal capable of loading VLCCs in the Port of Brownsville.

The Permian pipeline shortage is not limited to crude oil production, however.  With associated gas accounting for about a third of the Permian output and regulations limiting the amount of gas that can be flared, natural gas pipeline constraints have also put a ceiling on oil production while pushing gas prices in West Texas down to the lowest of any major U.S. hub.

Fortunately, Mexico is providing an expanding export market for piped gas from Texas, as its southern neighbor has been aggressively expanding its natural gas infrastructure. 

In 2012, according to Sener, the Mexican ministry of energy, there were 7,050 miles (11,347 km) of gas pipelines in Mexico, of which 5,665 miles (9,118 km) were operated by Pemex.  Since then, 1,496 miles (2,410 km) of gas pipelines have been added to the national grid, and that total is expected to reach 5,420 miles (8,722 km) by the end of 2019.

pgj0119 pie charts

The 13 existing natural gas interconnections from the United States have an import capacity of about 4.2 Bcf/d, according to the International Energy Agency (EIA), with four of them interconnected to the Integrated National Transportation and Storage System: El Hueco, Cuidad Mier, Reynosa and Argüelles. By the end of this year, five additional interconnections are expected to start operations.

A number of important gas pipelines from Texas and within Mexico have come on line over the past two years, including Enbridge’s Valley Crossing Pipeline, a 168-mile system that added 2.6 Bcf/d of capacity when it entered service in October, and TransCanada’s 348-mile, 670 MMcf/d El Encino-Topolobampo Pipeline, which began service in June.

TransCanada has two more pipelines with expected completion this year: the 178-mile (287 km) Tuxpan-Tula, a $700 million project with a capacity of 886 MMcf/d, and the Tula-Villa de Reyes, a 36-inch, 260-mile (420 km) pipeline, supported by a 25-year service contract with the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE), Mexico’s state-owned power company. [For an in-depth review of projects in Mexico, see the Energy Web Atlas white paper, “Mexico’s Infrastructure Expansion and Five-year Plan.”]

Canada began 2018 with about 42,000 miles (67,706 km) in service and added just over 200 miles (325 km) through November, but if all of the projects that are already approved or under review were to be completed, the country’s total mileage would grow by more than 8%. According to Canada’s National Energy Board, 3,628 miles (5,839 km) of pipeline projects have been approved for construction and another 2,807 miles (4,518 km) of projects are under review.

Like their counterparts in the Permian, Canadian producers have struggled with regionally depressed prices, as a lack of pipeline capacity has stranded production in oil-rich Alberta – so much so, that the province was reportedly in talks to buy rail cars to add approximately 120,000 bpd of capacity for about $263 million (C$350 million). By November, several Canadian crude producers had curtailed production and asked Alberta to mandate cuts for other producers.

The Trans Mountain expansion, which would nearly triple capacity on the line to 890,000 bpd, is among major Canadian pipeline projects that have suffered costly delays due to opposition from inside and outside of government.  The Canadian government agreed in May to buy the pipeline from Kinder Morgan Canada Ltd for $3.5 billion (C$4.5 billion) in an effort to ensure its expansion went ahead. It is currently scheduled to be in service by December 2020. As part of the project, construction is already underway on an expansion at the Westridge Marine Terminal in Vancouver, with preliminary work being done at Kinder Morgan’s nearby terminal and tank farm.

AFRICA

Under Construction: 1,786
Planned: 18,196
Total: 19,982

Egypt and Cyprus signed an agreement in September for construction of a subsea pipeline to deliver natural gas from Cyprus’ Aphrodite field to Egypt’s liquefaction facilities in Idku for LNG production and export. Specifications of the pipeline have not been released, although costs have been estimated in a range of $800 million to $1 billion.

Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC), East Africa’s largest oil transporter was preparing to commission one of  two new pipelines after 43 months of delays – a $480 million, 20-inch oil pipeline between Nairobi and Mombasa – when its CEO was arrested and other senior officials were charged with abuse of office and economic crimes in December. It is not yet known how or if these charges will affect plans for new KPC projects.  

Separately, Kenya’s Ministry of Energy signed a joint development agreement with Tullow Oil, Africa Oil and Maersk Oil to carry out a study on the proposed 510-mile (820-km) Lokichar-Lamu crude oil pipeline to increase crude oil production in Turkana county to the north. That study is intended to lead to technical details and negotiations on financing and ownership structure. Preliminary estimates for the pipeline linking Lokichar oil fields to the coastal port town of Lamu show it would cost $2.1 billion and could be completed in 2021. 

The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) has announced plans to build the largest natural gas pipeline in its nation’s history: the Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) pipeline.  The 381-mile (614 km), 40-inch AKK pipeline is designed to provide connectivity between eastern and western sections of Nigeria to supply natural gas for power generation and industrial development in key commercial centers in its central and northern regions. NNPC hopes to complete the project by first half of 2020 at an expected cost of more than $2.8 billion.

ASIA-PACIFIC

Under Construction: 17,398
Planned: 13,953
Total: 31,351

China overtook Japan as the world’s top natural gas importer during 2018 and plans to more than double its pipeline infrastructure within the next seven years to nearly 150,000 miles. The expansion comes in response to growing energy demand and policies mandating a shift from coal to cleaner energy sources, which have boosted demand for gas and LNG imports. China’s National Development and Reform Commission said it plans to add about 80,000 miles to its current 69,600 by 2025. After expansion, natural gas pipelines will account for 76,400 miles, or 51% of the system.

Gazprom’s Power of Siberia gas pipeline construction is on track to begin delivering natural gas to China with completion this year. The 1,864-mile Power of Siberia will transport gas from the Irkutsk and Yakutia gas production centers to consumers in Russia’s Far East and to China via its eastern route, with 38 Bcm to be transported annually. Construction of the Power of Siberia began in 2014 and has involved construction of extensive gas processing infrastructure in Russia’s Far East.

China is exploring construction of a pipeline spur from Pakistan’s territory when TAPI begins operation, the head of Pakistan’s state-owned gas company said in August. The line could act as an alternative to Beijing’s plans to build a fourth China-to-Turkmenistan pipeline. China’s discussions with Pakistan regarding participation in TAPI date back to 2012.

Indonesia’s deputy energy minister in early December said Eni aims to start output of natural gas in 2021 from its offshore Merakes project, which includes construction of subsea systems and pipelines to transport production to a floating production unit (FPU).

Eni’s development plan calls for six subsea wells and the construction and installation of subsea systems and two 28-mile (45-km) pipelines that will be connected to the Jangkrik FPU. The gas will then be shipped through the existing pipelines to the Bontang LNG processing facility operated in East Kalimantan.

MIDDLE EAST

Under Construction: 581
Planned: 5,955
Total: 6,536

The construction of pipelines across countries and kingdoms has changed some political dynamics in the Middle East as the oil-dominant region turns increasingly to natural gas for domestic power and Israel and Egypt look to become exporters of natural gas and LNG, respectively.

Israel expects to make a decision early this year to move ahead with Cyprus and Greece on construction of the 1,243-mile pipeline East Med Pipeline, Israeli Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz said.  The estimated $7 billion East Med project would cross from Israel and Cyprus into Greece and Italy in deep waters with an expected capacity of 9-12 Bcm annually.  Project owners are IGI Poseidon, a joint venture between Greece’s natural gas firm DEPA, and Italian energy group Edison.

A third-quarter deal between companies operating in both Israel and Egypt to buy a stake in EMG pipeline provided a major step toward enabling Israel to export gas to Egypt.  The $518 million purchase by Israel’s Delek Drilling, Texas-based Noble Energy and the Egyptian East Gas Co enables the supply of 64 Bcm of gas over 10 years from Israel’s offshore Tamar and Leviathan fields to Egypt as part of the export deal signed in February 2018.

Jordan and Iraq agreed in 2018 to a framework for construction of a 1,044-mile, twin oil and gas pipeline from Basra to Aqaba. When completed the project would move 1 MMbpd of oil and 258 MMcf/d of gas to its destination. The pipelines would eliminate exposure to terrorist activity at border crossings which have forced Jordan to find more expensive sources for most of its 134,000-bpd demand.

The leaders of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia inaugurated the recently commissioned AB-4 oil pipeline between the two kingdoms in November. The 68-mile (110-km), built through a collaboration between Saudi Aramco and Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco), included construction of a 26-mile offshore section connecting onshore segments in each country. It has a designed capacity of 350,000 bpd and is currently transporting 220,000 bpd from Saudi processing facilties at Abqaiq to a Bapco refinery in Bahrain. The estimated cost of the project was $300 million.

RUSSIA/FSU

Under Construction: 13,126
Planned: 9,841
Total: 22,967

Despite U.S. pressure and some European efforts to reduce EU dependence on Russian gas imports, government officials and executives told an industry conference in October they expected Russia would export a record amount of gas in 2018, potentially exceeding 200 Bcm and beating the all-time high of 194 Bcm set in 2017. Gazprom controls 35% of the gas market in Europe and expects to increase its share to 40% due to declining European production and the competitive cost of piped gas from Russia versus shipped LNG from the United States.

Russia’s Gazprom has completed the offshore sections of the TurkStream offshore gas pipeline, a 722-mile project across the Black Sea to Turkey that began construction in May 2017.  Each of TurkStream’s twin, 32-inch pipelines have an annual throughput capacity of 15.75 Bcm. The first string of TurkStream is intended for Turkish consumers, while the second string will deliver gas to southern and southeastern Europe. 

In November, Bulgarian officials decided to move ahead on a $1.59 billion (1.4 billion euros) gas link to Turkey that will enable transport of Russian gas from TurksStream to Europe, bypassing Ukraine to the South. The decision followed word that Gazprom was considering whether to book capacity in the Bulgarian gas system, which Bulgaria viewed as a sign of Russia’s intent to ship its gas from TurkStream to Serbia, Hungary and Austria through Bulgaria.

Bulgaria’s state gas network operator Bulgartransgaz planned to launch a binding open season in late December for the new 300-mile (484-km) gas pipeline. Moscow has also suggested it might consider an extension of TurkStream via Greece to Italy

Gazprom began pipelaying offshore Finland for its Nord Stream 2 project despite U.S. sanctions and opposition from some European countries. Nord Stream 2 was scheduled to start flowing natural gas from Russia’s Baltic coast to Germany by the end of 2019, running alongside the first Nord Stream pipeline, which was completed in 2011. It will render existing pipelines obsolete, including several pipelines that run through Ukraine, which stands to lose about $2 billion in annual transit revenues if gas is diverted away. 

Construction commenced in 2018 on the Afghan section of the Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (TAPI) gas pipeline, and Uzbekistan announced it would join the $8 billion project. The 1,130-mile pipeline will deliver gas from Turkmenistan to Pakistan and India. TAPI reportedly received an investment from Saudi Arabia as it began construction on the difficult Afghan section, which runs abreast of the 346-mile Kandahar-Herat highway. 

SOUTH & CENTRAL AMERICA

Under Construction: 3,639
Planned: 14,751
Total: 18,390

Argentina, home to the world’s second-largest shale gas reserves, began exporting natural gas to Chile in late October after a 12-year break as the two South American neighbors seek to increasingly integrate their energy supply and electricity grids.

The gas is being piped from the Vaca Muerta shale across the Andes mountains via the 20-inch, 585-mile (941-km) Atacama Pipeline, which was completed in 1999. Once a major supplier of natural gas to Chile, Argentina created diplomatic turmoil in the mid-2000s by cutting off shipments when its own supplies ran low.

Argentina is still a net energy importer, but government incentives to develop and create markets for the Vaca Muerta shale and Austral Basin are starting to produce results. Transportadora de Gas del Sur S.A. (TGS) committed to an initial $250 million project to add gas transportation infrastructure in the Vaca Muerta during 2018-2019, including a conditioning plant and a 57-mile, 36-inch gas pipeline that will cross 16 hydrocarbon areas with initial capacity of 37 MMcm/d, expandable to 56 MMcm/d.

Pipeline operations elsewhere in South America have been the target of attacks leading to oil spills and production disruptions. Canadian oil company Frontera Energy stopped production at Peru’s largest oilfield after a Petroperu pipeline was severed by indigenous protesters.  State-owned Petroperu estimated the rupture spilled 8,000 barrels of oil, but said it shut off the flow of crude before any water sources were contaminated. Since 2016, nearly 20,000 barrels of oil have been spilled from the pipeline in at least 15 attacks, and another 5,600 barrels have leaked due to corrosion of mechanical failures, according to official estimates.

In neighboring Colombia, state-owned Ecopetrol said three new bombings of the 485-mile (780-km) Cano Limon pipeline caused contamination of several waterways in the country’s northeastern Arauca province. Cano Limon, which was targeted by illegal taps and more than 80 bombings in 2018, was out of service during the November attacks due to prior damage.

WESTERN EUROPE/EU

Under Construction: 4,508
Planned: 5,708
Total: 10,216

Europe remains a key battleground for global natural gas and LNG market share.  As the United States and others target LNG markets and Russia continues to expand gas pipeline capacity to the continent, some construction activity is being driven by countries seeking to diversity supply sources.

Polish and Danish gas grid operators Gaz-System and Energinet agreed in late November to finance construction of the Baltic Pipe project, a 560-mile (900-km) pipeline that will reduce regional dependence on Russian supply by transporting Norwegian gas to Poland via Denmark.  Costs of the project, which will cross the territories of Denmark, Sweden and Poland, are projected to range between $1.8 billion and $2.4 billion (1.6 billion to 2.1 billion euros). Gas transmission is expected to start in late 2022. 

In addition to transporting Norwegian gas through Denmark to Poland and other countries in the region, Baltic Pipe also will enable reverse transmission from Poland to Denmark and Sweden, its developers said. 

Norway is Europe’s second-largest natural gas supplier after Russia, providing about 25% of its gas needs. Most of its deliveries are via a network of offshore pipelines to Britain, Germany, France and Belgium. Norway’s Gassco said the Baltic Pipe project provides another export point but is not expected to affect export volumes.

Concerns over Russian expansion also served as motivation for a separate but related project: the Balticconnector natural gas pipeline. Balticconnector would allow gas imports via the GIPL pipeline, which is planned for completion between Poland and Lithuania by December 2021, and these systems could be connected to the Baltic Pipe. Balticconnector is co-owned by the Finnish natural gas transmission system operators Baltic Connector Oy, and its Estonia counterpart, Elering AS. Commercial operations are scheduled to start in January 2020.

Saipem’s Castorone completed laying Norway’s longest and largest oil pipeline to Equinor’s Johan Sverdrup field in September before starting its next job – laying a 97-mile (156-km) gas pipeline to transport Johan Sverdrup production to the existing Statpipe pipeline for delivery to Karsto. The 176-mile (283-km), 36-inch oil pipeline will be capable of transporting up to 660,000 bpd to Equinor’s Mongstad terminal. The Johan Sverdrup oil field, located 87 miles west of Stavanger, is being developed in two phases. Phase 1 is scheduled for startup in November 2019 with production capacity estimated at 440,000 bpd.  Phase 2 is projected to be completed in 2022, expanding the field’s production capacity to 660,000 bpd.

Construction of a 113-mile pipeline between Greece and Bulgaria is scheduled for completion in 2020.  The pipeline link was designed to transport gas from Azeri to Bulgaria, as well as some liquified gas from terminals in Greece. State-owned Bulgaria Energy Holding (BEH) reached a preliminary agreement with the European Investment Bank last summer for construction financing. ICGB, the project company for the gas link, said BEH is receiving preferential financing through a government-backed guarantee of $128 million. BEH holds a 50% stake in ICGB, while Greece’s DEPA state energy firm and Italy’s Edison each hold 25%. 

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  2. Analytics Cookies: These cookies track information about how the Website is being used so that we can make improvements and report on our performance. We may also use analytics cookies to test new ads, pages or features to see how users react to them. Analytics cookies may either be first party or third party cookies.
  3. Preference Cookies: These first party cookies store your Website preferences.
  4. Ad Targeting Cookies: These third party cookies (also known as “behavioral” or “targeted” advertising) are placed by advertising platforms or networks in order to: (i) deliver ads and tracks ad performance, and (ii) enable advertising networks to deliver ads that may be relevant based upon your activities.

Finally, we may set cookies within emails we send to you (if you have consented to receiving emails from us). These cookies are used to track how often our emails are opened and clicked on by our customers. You can manage email cookies in the same way as website cookies, as explained above.

  1. How do third parties use cookies on the Pipe Exchange Website?

Third party companies like analytics companies and ad networks generally use cookies to collect user information on an anonymous basis. They may use that information to build a profile of your activities on the Website and other websites that you’ve visited.

  1. What are my cookie options?

If you don’t like the idea of cookies or certain types of cookies, you can change your browser’s settings to delete cookies that have already been set and to not accept new cookies. To learn more about how to do this, visit the help pages of your browser. Please note, however, that if you delete cookies or do not accept them, you might not be able to use all of the features we offer, you may not be able to store your preferences, and some of our pages might not display properly.

You may also opt out of third party cookies by following the instructions provided by each third party in its privacy policy.

  1. Do you use any other user tracking technologies?

We use additional technologies to help track user activities and preferences. For example, we use Google Analytics and when you visit the Website via Facebook, we use tracking pixels.

  1. Interest-Based Advertising

We and third parties engage in interest-based advertising provided by vendors in order to deliver advertisements and personalized content that we and other advertisers believe will be of interest to you. To the extent third-parties are using cookies or other technologies to perform these services, Pipe Exchange does not control the use of this technology or the resulting information for online, mobile, or email advertising, and is not responsible for any actions or policies of such third parties. Advertisements, emails, and other messages may be delivered to you by Pipe Exchange or its service providers based on your online or mobile behavior, your search activity, your geographic location or other information that is collected by us or obtained from third parties. Some of our vendors and we may use our own or third-party aggregated or anonymized personal information, demographic data, and other inferred commercial interests to assist in the delivery of our advertisements to you.

In addition, we and our business partners use third parties to establish deterministic or probabilistic connections among devices (such as smartphones, tablets, and computers) to deliver more relevant advertising to you and for advertising analytics and reporting purposes. This means that information about your use of websites or applications on your current device may be combined with information from your other devices. We also may share this information and other inferences with third parties to allow them to target advertising, personalize content, or analyze behavior. This allows, for example, advertisements you see on your tablet to be based on activities you engaged in on your smartphone. These business partners may share and combine information from cookies with identifiers (such as device IDs assigned by Google or Apple) and IP addresses to make connections among related devices. This also allows for a more personalized experience across the Website.

If you have any questions about our Cookie Policy, you may contact us by sending an email to privacy@pipexch.com or by writing to us at:  14025 West Road, Suite 100, Houston, TX 77041

 

Social Media Features

The Website includes social media features, such as the Facebook and LinkedIn buttons/icons. These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our site, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Social media features are either hosted by a third party or hosted directly on the Website. Your interactions with these features are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. 

 

Links to Third Party Sites

The Website may contain links to other sites that are not owned or controlled by Pipe Exchange. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage you to be aware when you leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects personally identifiable information. This Privacy Policy applies only to information collected by the Website. 

 

How We Store Your Information

Data Security

Pipe Exchange implements data security systems and procedures to secure the information stored on Pipe Exchange computer servers. Such systems and procedures reduce the risk of security breaches, but they do not provide absolute security. Therefore, Pipe Exchange cannot guarantee that the Website and Services are immune to unauthorized access to the information stored therein and to other information security risks.

 

Our Commitment to Data Security. To prevent unauthorized access, maintain data accuracy and ensure the correct use of information, we have applied reasonable and appropriate physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online. We also limit access to personal data and confidential information on our systems to only those employees with a specific need to access this information. However, due to technological limitations and the risk of unlawful interceptions and accessing of transmissions and/or data, we cannot completely assure you, and you should not expect, that your personal information, and any other electronically communicated information, will be absolutely confidential.

The security of your personal information is important to us. When you enter sensitive financial information via our Website, the transmission of that information is encrypted using secure socket layer technology (SSL).

Please remember that you play a valuable part in security as well. To the extent you have created an account on our Website, your password to access our site, which you select at registration, should never be shared with anyone and should be changed frequently.  After you have finished using our site, you should log off and exit your browser so no unauthorized persons can use our site with your name and account information.

Information Retention and Access to Personal Information. We’ll retain information for as long as your account is active or as needed to provide you the Services, to comply with applicable law, resolve disputes, and to enforce our agreements.   If your personally identifiable information changes, or if you no longer desire to use and access our Services, you may correct, update, delete/deactivate your information by emailing Pipe Exchange via the contact information listed below. Before Pipe Exchange is able to provide you with any information or correct any inaccuracies, however, we may ask you to verify your identity and to provide other details to help us to respond to your request. But please note: (1) there might be some latency in deleting this information from our servers and back-up storage; (2) we will not delete anonymized data and may continue to use it as describe in this Privacy Policy; and (3) we may retain information if necessary to comply with our legal, tax or accounting obligations, resolve disputes, manage security risks, or enforce our agreements. Even if you cease your use of the Services, we may retain certain information in order to meet our obligations.

Under California Civil Code Sections 1798.83-1798.84, California residents are entitled to ask us for a notice identifying the categories of personal information which we share with our affiliates and/or third parties for marketing purposes, and providing contact information for such affiliates and/or third parties.  If you are a California resident and would like a copy of this notice, please submit a written request to: privacy@pipexch.com

International Transfer of Information Collected

We are a global company, with customers around the world and it is important to note that the Services, and the Website, may be operated via servers situated in the United States and elsewhere. If you are located outside of the United States, please be aware that any information which you supply to Pipe Exchange (including, without limitation, personal information (e.g., your name, phone number, email address, etc.) may be transferred to, processed, and used in the United States and elsewhere. To provide you with the Services, you irrevocably and unconditionally consent that we may store, use, process, transfer and transmit such information in accordance with this Privacy Policy in the United States and locations around the world – including those outside your country which may provide different rules, regulations, and protections regarding privacy. Information may also be stored locally on the devices used to access the Services, which may be mobile.

We have taken appropriate safeguards to ensure that your personal data will remain protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy, whether your personal data is within our control or has been entrusted to our third party service providers and partners.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

From time to time, Pipe Exchange may change the terms of this Privacy Policy. Changes will take effect once they are posted online and by accessing and/or using the Website or Services after we make any such changes to this Privacy Policy, you are deemed to have accepted such changes.  If you do not agree with any of the amended terms, you must avoid any further use of the Website and/or Services offered by Pipe Exchange.

 

Inquiries or Concerns?

You may contact Pipe Exchange by emailing us at privacy@pipexch.com and we will do our best to provide a prompt response to your question.

PIPE EXCHANGE TERMS OF USE

Last updated: August 2019

Welcome to https://pipexch.com/Pipe Exchange (the “Website”). The Website is owned and operated by Pipe Exchange LLCPipe ExchangePipe Exchange including its related companies, affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively “Pipe Exchange,” “we,” “us,” “our”). We make the Website available to you, subject to the following Terms of Use (these “Terms of Use”). PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE WEBSITE. By using the Website, you agree to these Terms of Use and agree they create a legally binding agreement between you and Pipe Exchange. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use, you may not use the Website. These Terms of Use are effective unless and until terminated by Pipe Exchange.

Minors are not authorized to access or use the Website for any purpose.

CHANGES TO TERMS OF USE

Pipe Exchange reserves the right, at any time, to modify, amend, alter or update these Terms of Use. These changes will be effective as of the date we post the revised version. By continuing to use the Website following such modifications, amendments, alterations or updates, you agree to be bound by such modifications, amendments, alterations or updates. Therefore, you should periodically visit this page to review our most current Terms of Use.

You may access the current version of these Terms of Use at any time by clicking on the link marked “Terms of Use” at the bottom of each page of the Website.

PRIVACY POLICY

In the course of your use of the Website, you may be asked to provide certain personalized information to us (such information referred to hereinafter as “User Information”).  Our information collection and use policies with respect to the privacy of such User Information are set forth in the Website’s Privacy Policy which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.  You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the accuracy and content of User Information, and you agree to keep it up to date. 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Pipe Exchange respects the intellectual property rights of others. As between you and Pipe Exchange, and except any User Information which you provide, all rights, title and interests in the Website, including all the content (including, for example, audio, photographs, illustrations, graphics, other visuals, video, copy, software, etc.), code, data and materials thereon, the look and feel, design and organization of the Website, and the compilation of the content, code, data and materials on the Website, including but not limited to any copyrights, trademark rights, patent rights, database rights, moral rights, sui generis rights and other intellectual property and proprietary rights therein (collectively the “Content”) are owned by Pipe Exchange or by third parties who have licensed or provided their Content to us. The Website is protected under Trademarks (as defined below), copyright, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property rights laws, and your use of the Website does not grant to you ownership of any Content you may access on the Website. You are prohibited from using the Website to infringe or violate any intellectual property rights. Pipe Exchange may terminate your right to access the Website if it believes you are using the Website in a manner that infringes the copyright, trademark, patent or other intellectual property rights of another.

We may investigate occurrences that may involve violations of the security of the Services or of the law and we may involve, and cooperate with, law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who are involved in such violations.

The trademarks, logos, service marks and trade names (collectively the “Trademarks”) displayed on the Website or on content available through the Website are registered and unregistered Trademarks of ours and others and may not be used unless authorized by the trademark owner.  All Trademarks not owned by us that appear on the Website or on or through the Website’s services, if any, are the property of their respective owners.  Nothing contained on the Website should be construed as granting, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license or right to use any Trademark displayed on the Website without our written permission or that of the third-party rights holder.  Your misuse of the Trademarks displayed on the Website is strictly prohibited.  Pipe Exchange will aggressively enforce its Trademark rights to the fullest extent of the law, including the seeking of criminal prosecution.

PERSONAL USE ONLY

The Website and the Content are intended for your personal use.  You may access and view the content on the Website via your computer or other internet compatible device, and make single copies or prints of the content on the Website for your personal, internal use only.   The Website and the services offered on or through the Website, including Pipe Exchange’s e-publication and any other content and materials thereon, are only for your personal, non-commercial use. Except as otherwise provided on the Website, you may not modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, sell, create derivative works from, transfer, or sell any information, software, products or services obtained from the Website. Use of the Website to sell a product or service, or to increase traffic to your website for commercial reasons, such as advertising sales is expressly forbidden.

PROHIBITED USE

Any commercial distribution, publishing or exploitation of the Website, or any content, code, data or materials on the Website, is strictly prohibited unless you have received the express prior permission of Pipe Exchange or the applicable rights holder.  You may not otherwise download, display, copy, reproduce, distribute, modify, perform, transfer, create derivative works from, sell or otherwise exploit any content, code, data or materials on the Website.  If you make other use of the Website, or the content, code, data or materials thereon, except as otherwise provided above, you may violate copyright and other laws of the United States, other countries, as well as applicable state laws and may be subject to liability for such unauthorized use.  Pipe Exchange will aggressively enforce its intellectual property rights to the fullest extent of the law, including the seeking of criminal prosecution.

SECURITY

You are prohibited from violating, or attempting to violate the security of the Website. Any such violations may result in criminal and civil liabilities to you.  You warrant and agree that, while using the Website and the various services and features offered on or through the Website, you shall not: (a) impersonate any person or entity or misrepresent your affiliation with any other person or entity; (b) insert your own or a third party’s advertising, branding or other promotional content into any of the Website’s content, materials or services, or use, redistribute, republish or exploit such content or service for any further commercial or promotional purposes or take any action that would constitute or could be interpreted as an endorsement or sponsorship by Pipe Exchange of any third party site, content, information or other materials, or in any manner that would violate the terms and conditions of any such third party sites; (c) attempt to probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of any system or network; or (d) attempt to gain unauthorized access to data not intended for you and/or other computer systems through the Website.  You shall not: (i) engage in spidering, “screen scraping,” “database scraping,” harvesting of e-mail addresses, wireless addresses or other contact or personal information, or any other automatic means of accessing, logging-in or registering on the Website or for any services or features offered on or through the Website, or obtaining lists of users or obtaining or accessing other information or features on, from or through the Website or the services offered on or through the Website, including, without limitation, any information residing on any server or database connected to the Website or any services offered on or through the Website; (ii) obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems, materials, information or any services made available on or through the Website through any means; (iii) use the Website or the services made available on or through the Website in any manner with the intent to interrupt, damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Website or such services, including, without limitation, sending mass unsolicited messages or “flooding,” “spamming,” or “crashing” any systems; (iv) use the Website or the Website’s services or features in violation of Pipe Exchange’s or any third party’s intellectual property or other proprietary or legal rights; or (v) use the Website or the Website’s services in violation of any applicable law.  You further agree that you may not attempt (or encourage or support anyone else’s attempt) to circumvent, reverse engineer, decrypt, or otherwise alter or interfere with the Website or the Website’s services, or any content thereof, or make unauthorized use thereof.  You agree that you will not use the Website in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Website or interfere with any other party’s use and enjoyment of the Website. You may not obtain or attempt to obtain any materials or information through any means not intentionally made publicly available or provided for through the Website. Pipe Exchange will investigate any alleged violations and will cooperate with law enforcement agencies in their investigations.

THIRD-PARTY CONTENT

Some of the information and material available through the Website are provided to Pipe Exchange by third parties (“Third-Party Material”). In some instances, the source of the Third-Party Material is identified. Third-Party Material is provided for your convenience only and Pipe Exchange does not endorse these materials or the parties who supply them to us. Pipe Exchange does not warrant or represent that these Third-Party Materials are current, accurate or reliable.

COPYRIGHT AGENT

We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and require that the people who use the Website do the same.  If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to Pipe Exchange’s Copyright Agent, designated as such pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(2), named below:

  • Your address, telephone number, and email address;
  • A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
  • A description of where the alleged infringing material is located;
  • A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;
  • An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and
  • A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.
  • For all email submissions please include the subject line: DMCA Takedown Request.

 

Pipe Exchange has adopted a policy of terminating, in appropriate circumstances, accounts of users of the services or the Website who are deemed to have repeatedly uploaded content that infringes the intellectual property rights of others.

 

Copyright Agent:

Pipe Exchange Legal

c/o Pipe Exchange LLC

14025 West Road.
Suite #100
Houston, TX 77041

Phone: + (713) 934-9480

Email: dmca@pipexch.com

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

THE WEBSITE AND ITS CONTENT ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS, WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER. PIPE EXCHANGE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTIES RIGHTS, AND THE WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. PIPE EXCHANGE MAKES NO WARRANTIES ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL, SERVICES, SOFTWARE, TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND LINKS FOUND OR CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE. PIPE EXCHANGE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE WEBSITE, THE CONTENT, OR ITS SERVERS ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU OBTAIN MATERIAL THROUGH THE USE OF THE WEBSITE AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND THAT YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS.

ALL MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE WEBSITE IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY, HAS NOT BEEN INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED, HAS NOT BEEN RECOMMENDED BY ANY FEDERAL OR STATE REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS OR OMISSIONS OF MATERIAL INFORMATION. THE MATERIAL AND INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE SHOULD NOT, THEREFORE, BE USED OR RELIED UPON FOR ANY SPECIFIC REASON OR APPLICATION WITHOUT INDEPENDENT COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION AND VERIFICATION OF ITS ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, SUITABILITY AND APPLICABILITY. ANYONE MAKING USE OF THE MATERIAL DOES SO AT HIS/HER/ITS OWN SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE RISK AND ASSUMES ANY AND ALL ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL DAMAGE OR LIABILITY RESULTING FROM SUCH USE.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

IN NO EVENT SHALL PIPE EXCHANGE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS, OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE MATERIAL ON THE WEBSITE OR SITES LINKED TO THE WEBSITE, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT PIPE EXCHANGE IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

TERMINATION

Pipe Exchange may terminate, change, suspend or discontinue any aspect of the Website or the Website’s services at any time.  Pipe Exchange may restrict, suspend or terminate your access to the Website and/or its services if we believe you are in breach of our terms and conditions or applicable law, or for any other reason without notice or liability.  Pipe Exchange maintains a policy that provides for the termination in appropriate circumstances of the Website use privileges of users who are repeat infringers of intellectual property rights.

USER’S REMEDY

If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Website or with any of these Terms of Use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Website.

GOVERNING LAW AND VENUE

These Terms of Use and the relationship between you and Pipe Exchange shall be governed by the laws of the United States and the State of Florida without regard to its conflict of law provisions. You hereby irrevocably submit and consent to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within Miami-Dade County, Florida and agree that any cause of action that may arise under these Terms of Use and all disputes arising out of or relating to the use of the Website shall be commenced and be heard in the appropriate court in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The failure of Pipe Exchange to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of these Terms of Use is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties’ intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of these Terms of Use remain in full force and effect. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT TERMS OF USE

If you have any questions regarding these Terms of Use, please either:

Send an email to sales@pipexch.com

Write to Pipe Exchange at the following address:

14025 West Road

Suite 100

Houston, TX 77041